Radical (1990-1991)
-------------------
Radical was formed in december of 1990 by 10-15 former members of Steel and
Eject. The group was shortlived, and ceased to exist around january of the
the following year as all members joined Silicon.


Radius
------
The release of the group's diskmag "Recall #1" [late 90] was heavily
criticized in Hitmen's "ViNews #3" [01/91], based on information that
Curlin/Hitmen had joined Brainbombs and that he was also an alias for
Accu/ex Action - both claims which are untrue.


Radwar Enterprises (RWE)
------------------------
GER> AVH (12/87), BKA (12/87), DEF (12/87), MWS (12/87), TC (12/87).

Radwar was a German group, and originally a subgroup of The Light Circle
(TLC). The name Radwar is an abbreviation of the two words "Radiological
Warfare". They were legendary for a number of reasons. They were the first
to open the top border (1001 Crew, who is credited with 'opening the
borders' first in most references, opened the sideborders and not the
top/bottom); they arranged legendary copy parties, and also had a legendary
performance in the german tv show "Highscore", where they discussed cracking
games. That performance was followed by a big police crackdown soon after.
  The game "Logo" (released through Starbyte Software) had at least
protection written by MWS - don't know if the entire game was written by
him...
  Thanks to Rene 'Mark' for some information.


Raiders (RDS)
-------------
GER> Bert (Robert Memering, code gfx), Kamp (code).

Raiders is a small, 2-member German demo group. They made their first scene
appearance at X2000, and made their first release at the same event the
following year, with "Dual Head". Kamp is currently inactive, but still a
member.

  Dual Head (2001, Demo).
  Winner of the X2001 wild demo competition!


Raisers (1990-)
---------------
GER> Dave (founder mainorg, new 12/90).
???> Mendrake (ex Holocaust, new 12/90).

Raisers was formed 12/90 by Dave after his last group Tristar died. They are
probably a Danish group... Triad's "Gamers Guide #4" [early91] said he was
ex-Raisers, had changed his handle to Painkiller and had unsuccessfully
tried to join Triad.


Ramones
-------
  1990 - Scorpio and The Spy left for Alpha Flight 1970 around august.


Rampar
------
USA> Kid Quick (trade sysop?, 10/89), Minotaur (10/89), X-Factor (10/89).

Rampar was an american importing group, active at least in 1989.


Ramsos (1989-)
--------------
Ramsos was born in december of 1989, by previous members of X-Ray and Censor
Design.


Random (RND, -1991)
-------------------
Random was an American importing and fixing group, importing games mainly
from Illusion and Genesis Project. They died early 1991, since important
members Pudwerx and Stormbringer quit the group. Illusionist joined Talent,
and the further career of fourth member Blue Devil is unknown at this time.

Boards; THE FORUM (usa, 12/90-02/91), HIT'N'RUN (usa, 12/90-02/91).


Raw Deal Inc. (RDI)
-------------------
NOR> Aztec (code swap, ex Rawhead, new 03/89), Bit Buster (code music, ex
     Rawhead, new 03-06/89), Deadline (code gfx swap, ex Rawhead, new
     03/89), Jørn (org), Kent (org gfx, 02-06/89), Newton (code gfx swap,
     ex Rawhead, new 03-06/89), Pink Panther, Zaphod (06/89).
SWE> Razor.

RDI was a Norwegian cracker group originally, but also became good demo
coders in the beginning of 1989, when they recruited four coders from the
old demo group Rawhead.
  1987 - Norwegians Laffen (crack, 10/87-) and Geir left to form The Deadly
Friends in december.
  1990 - Swedish Chevignon (Tomas) was kicked early in the year.


Rawhead (1987-1989)
-------------------
NOR> Atom (code swap, 07/88), Howard (videoswap, 06/88), Jason (org gfx,
     06/88), The Archer (swap, 06-07/88).

Rawhead was a purely Norwegian demo and cracker group born on the 14th of
august 1987 on the ashes of the group Royal Norwegian Zwappers (RNZ).
They were given a great boost after they joined forces with The Shadows
in march of 1988, and gained new members like Omega Supreme, Storm Shadow
(crack), Moonray, Jab and Wizard. They also had amiga members, but only one
coder - the rest were just swappers.
  1988 - Rocky (code crack) and Hot Dog joined in january, but left for The
Hidden Forces again in june. Lynx/The Sigma Crew (music) moved on to T.H.E.
late 88.
  1989 - In their demo "Pimplesqueezer 6" [02/89], released at the copyparty
they arranged together with Bros and The Suppliers, they announced the group
was splitting up. Omega Supreme, Storm Shadow, Moonray, Jab and Wizard
returned to their old group The Shadows; The Skyrunner (swap, aka TSR,
06/88), Track 7 (amiga swap) and Fantasy Zone (amiga code swap) were to
continue under the Rawhead name, essentially leaving the C64 section dead
and buried. After a small time of consideration, the remaining active
members - Aztec (code, 03/88), Bit Buster (code music, 03/88), Deadline
(code gfx, 03/88) and Newton (code gfx, 03/88) - decided to join Raw Deal
Inc.

  The Ball Demo (1988, Filedemo).
  code: Jab, gfx: Wizard (logo), Moonray (chars), music: n/a.
  review: OK, this is not much of a release. This wouldn't even be much of a
  demoPART. This demo is just a scrolltext, a logo, and some animated
  sprites flying around. The only thing I really liked with this was the
  ones that expand and shrink in size if they're close or far away from the
  screen, a lot like the effect in the "Crystal Symphonies" musicdisks from
  Phenomena on the Amiga. Ofcourse, that was released much later. Avoid
  this, ppl. [glenn]

  Another D.Y.S.P. (1988, .03, Filedemo).
  code: Bit Buster, Deadline, Newton, gfx: n/a, music: Bmx Sim+ (game).
  review: With this small demo (actually just one intro and one actual part)
  Rawhead release their DYSP routine. They claim to actually have coded it
  before anyone else released one, but admit they can't prove it. They were
  the third to release such a routine, they claim. To the demo itself:
  There's no actual graphics here, just chars and coding tricks. The Rawhead
  logo in the main part is just an outline, with some clever raster tricks.
  There‘s lots of colorful raster bars below the dysp routine, too. This
  does have some primitive charm, and works fine for me. The music credit is
  for the intro, noone is credited with the mainpart music. Not bad. [glenn]

  Ok! (1988, .06, Demo).
  code: Aztec, Deadline, Newton, gfx: Newton, Deadline, Jason, music: n/a.
  review: Three parts to this one, and only one is any good. Deadline's part
  2, with that twisting stretching upscroller was original and cool. Other
  than that, this is nothing you need to search out. The demo is a single
  file. [glenn]

  Pimplesqueezer 3 (1988, 13.06, Demo).
  code: Omega Supreme, Deadline, Bit Buster, gfx: Storm Shadow, Moonray,
  Deadline, Newton, Bob/?, music: Rob Hubbard, Draconus (game), Red.
  review: I always liked this, and much of the 'blame' for that must go to a
  certain 14-year old and his ever expansive ego... Seriously, this demo
  represents some pretty great coding, especially for its time. This is a
  demo full of good routines, and Omega Supreme has a good eye for design.
  And to top it all of, they end the show by inventing something new:
  tech-tech on the C64, inspired by Sodan's classic Amiga demo. The effect
  was invented by Moonray, and coded by Omega Supreme. As you may have
  already guessed, this demo is much about Omega Supreme. Take my word for
  it, you can't help but be charmed by the amazing self belief this young
  man possesses. The thing that makes it so entertaining is that he's not
  just blowing smoke either: After showing us something that's a little
  showstopping, he declares to the world that he's as close to a coding god
  as they'll ever get! Trust me, it's great fun. And a great demo too!
    They use the same logo here once, that they used twice in "OK!" [06/88]
  already. Perhaps time to get a good graphician? The demo is a single file,
  with 5 demoparts. [glenn]

  Pimplesqueezer 4 (1988, Demo).
  code: Deadline, gfx: Deadline, Moonray, music: Bit Buster, "Alloyrun"
  (game) by Jeroen Tel, Ubik (game).
  review: This edition of Pimplesqueezer was coded entirely by Deadline, and
  after the impressive PS3, this was a step down. PS4 has none of the
  showmanship of the third installment. The only thing that might make you
  sit up and take notice is the last part, with a scrolling game terrain in
  the sideborder. Other than that, this is BOORING... The demo is a single
  file, containing 3 demoparts. [glenn]

  Pimplesqueezer 5 (1988, 08.10, Demo).
  code: Omega Supreme, Deadline, gfx: Moonray, music: Lynx/T.H.E.
  2nd in the Razor 1911, Cartel and Abnormal party demo competition!
  info: I'd love to review this demo, but I'm having having trouble
  progressing past the introductory note. The demo requires you to press the
  keys O M E G and A at the same time, and it just doesn't work in CCS64.
  I'll have to transfer this to native hardware first. The credits are in no
  way complete. The demo is a single file.

  Partysqueezer (1988, 08.10, Demo).
  code: Omega Supreme, Aztec, Deadline, Bitbuster, gfx: Wizzard, Deadline,
  music: Fire Eagle, The Last V8 (game).
  Winner of the Razor 1911, Cartel and Abnormal party demo competition!
  review: Winner of the democompetition where they also came in second...
  how's that for a power demonstration? :) At the time, noone on the
  Norwegian scene could touch these guys. The demo itself isn't really that
  outstanding, except for the final part. That one features a picture
  STRETCHER by Bit Buster that looks pretty wicked! The only other coding
  highlight were the three DYCPS bouncing around over each other. There‘s
  not much in the way of graphical excellence; there's mostly some average
  chars and a not-too-fabulous logo. I'm sure the picture in the end part
  looks OK, if it would just stand still :) The music's probably all ripped
  - there's no indication of anything else. A fair demo with a wicked
  stretcher! The demo is a single file, containing 4 demoparts. [glenn]

  Pimplesqueezer 6 (1989, 24.02, Demo).
  code: Omega Supreme, gfx: Moonray, music: Ole Marius/Prosonix.
  3rd in the Rawhead, Bros and Suppliers Party demo competition.
  review: A fair end to the Pimplesqueezer series, and the final one
  released under the Rawhead label. With this demo, released at the copy
  party they helped organize, the split up of Rawhead was announced. There's
  a few things of technical interest here, like a nice DYCP, 25 scrollers
  and even a sinusscroller - had that ever been done before on the C64? Not
  bad. The demo is a single file, containing 4 demoparts. [glenn]


Razor 1911 (1985-1986)
----------------------
Razor was formed in Norway in 1985 by three guys, later known as Doctor No,
Insane TTM and Sector9. The group's original name was actually Razor 2992,
but this was later changed to 1911. The group lasted for about a year,
creating a few demos and releasing a few cracks. They then broke up, and
one half went to TCC, and the the other half (Sector9 and Doctor No) went
to Megaforce - later known as Scoopex on the Amiga. This membership only
lasted about a month, before both went and joined Active Cracking Crew.
They would later come together again in 1987 when they gave rebirth to
Razor on the Amiga. To read more about this, check out the Razor 1911
founders website at http://www.laric.se/razor


React
-----
SLO> Mc Vallacj (Peter Janosik, swap, 95).
???> Orcan (music, 04/03).

  2003 - Orcan contributed a tune to Oxyron's "Attitude #5" [04/03].


Rebels [1]
----------


Rebels [2] (1990-1990)
----------------------
Rebels was a swedish group, reborn around may 1990 by Goldie, King Fisher,
TDM, Hero + possibly others from Royalty, plus Watchman and Dynamite from
Triad. In late july or early august the same year the group died after
swedes Dynamic, Goldie (aka Goldenchild), Hero, TDM and King Fisher left to
join Triad, and the only remaining member Watchman left for Fairlight.


Rebels [3] (-1995)
------------------
GER> Chaotic (Jan Winters, swap, ex BCD, new 09/94), Dano (Markus
     Burgstaller, swap), Larry (swap, 03/92), Neotec (Michael Rank, edit
     swap, 02/93-), Viper (swap).
NOR> Dr.Who (Eirik Kittelsen, swap, also in Nerds), Zapotek (swap, later
     Nostalgia).
HUN> Funny (Lacfi Endre Jr., also in Fun Factory, swap).
LUX> TUC (Daniel Schaack, code crack swap, 09/94).
???> Mistral (ex Sawbone, new 02/93), Morbid (code music, also in WOW,
     06/93), Tucislade (new 12/92).

Rebels was reborn as a german-based demo and cracking group.
  1992 - Tucislade (code) joined in december.
  1993 - Mistral joined from Sawbone around february. Morbid joined WOW as a
second group around june.
  1994 - German swapper Nitro (Alex Ebner, 01/93-) left the scene; Mr.Alpha
left to be in F4CG only; Tristar (paper artist) was kicked, and Dr.Who
(designer) was brought in to replace him; Suzuki (also in Dytec) left;
Chaotic/ex BCD joined, and finally TUC is back in the group after his failed
attempt to form the new Fusion.
  1995 - The group decided to disband in late february, and following their
final two releases - the diskmag "News Press #16" and the demo "Meltdown" -
most members would move on to become members of Atlantis. The staff of "News
Press" vowed to continue their work, but now as part of the editorial staff
of Atlantis' own mag "Immortal Flash". The paper edition, "Art Press", would
continue to be released unchanged, but under the Atlantis label. We are
investigating exactly what members moved on to Atlantis, but this at least
refers to Neotec (editor), Chaotic and TUC (code).

  News Press #16 - The Final Issue (1995, 22.02, Diskmag).
  code: TUC/Rebels, gfx: Deekay/Crest, music: JCH/Vibrants, T.Error/TIA, Red
  Devil/Fairlight, PRI/TIA/Oxyron, editors: Neotec/Rebels/F4CG (main),
  Deekay/Crest (associate), Marc/Alpha Flight (associate), Chaotic/Rebels/
  Atlantis (associate).
  review: This was the final issue of News Press, and the first one I ever
  read - and it is a sad moment, because this is a really good mag. In fact,
  I think I can go as far as to say that this is an EXCELLENT mag ;) It
  opens with a great, colorful News Press logo by Deekay, accompanying the
  article selector. The layout of the mag is minimalist and stylish,
  certainly among the best outfits I've ever seen.
    Editorially, this is a very wellwritten mag. It starts off nicely
  already at the start of the second article (Editor's Corner), with a very
  interesting article about the events of 1994 and their impact on the
  scene. Further in this issue, we are also presented with a lengthy report
  from The Party 1994 by Chaotic.
    This mag did not only mark the final issue, but also the final
  production of the new Rebels. Following the release of this and their last
  demo "Meltdown", the members are disbanding the group and leaving for
  Atlantis. The staff of News Press will migrate to the Atlantis mag
  Immortal Flash.
  [glenn]


Red Sector [old]
----------------
  1989 - Baker left to form a new group called Byronic, while Lois and Bow
joined the group around september. Madman and Warboy left to join Alpha
Flight 1970 in november. They both changed their handles at the same time,
and are now called Glenn and Cronos.


Red Sector Inc [new] (RSI)
--------------------------
GER> Brego (08-09/93), Count Zero (crack, ex X-Rated, later SCS-TRC, new
     early-11/93), Darklord (ex Arcade, new early93), Ikarus (early93),
     Irata (supply, 11/93), Mister President (code, 11/93), Psychobilly
     (08-09/93).
???> Crisp (crack, ex Action, new 08/93), Double-T (code crack, 92), Hok
     (crack, ex Action, new 08/93), Scat (gfx, 12/93), TBB (swap, later
     Talent, new 10/93), The Secret Man (supply, 92), TNM (cardhacker, new
     05/93).

Boards; FORPLAY (usa, 92-11/93), THE CAPITOL EHQ (10/93), THE RED BBS (new
     10/93).

Red Sector was a german cracking group.
  1993 - Aslive left early this year, and is now only in Genesis Project and
Flash Inc. Icarus left for Alpha Flight in may, only to leave the scene a
few days later. TNM (cardhacker) joined in may. Former Action crackers Hok
and Crisp returned to the scene in august, under the wings of RSI! Another
ex-Arcade member, swapper TBB, joined up in october. Other happenings in
october included the EHQ changing its name from 'GODLAND' to 'THE CAPITOL',
a new board called 'THE RED BBS' joining, graphician Silver/WOW joining and
finally german Dense (supplier and editor of the papermag "Bullet Proof")
getting kicked out of the group for laziness. Crisp and Hok (both previously
in Action) returned to the scene in august, and joined RSI!


Reflex [old]
------------
Reflex is a norwegian demo group, reborn when Wax and Pee left Megastyle Inc
in july 1990. They likely never created any waves, and that is the reason
why the new, more widely-known Reflex never knew there was already a group
with this name! =]


Reflex [new] (RFX)
------------------
GER> Dr.Kaos (Martin Richtarsky, swap, 12/94-09/95), Happymaker (Olaf
     Zimmermann, gfx editor swap, 11/94-09/95), Hogan (Enrico Wenzlawe, gfx
     writer, also in Acsore, 12/94-07/98), PVCF (Kai Walter, music, 12/94-
     04/96), Quiss (Matthias Kramm, code, 93-04/96).
???> Adder (code, 12/96), Amoeba (gfx, 12/96), Condor (gfx, 01-12/95),
     Earthquake (gfx, 12/96), Felidae (code gfx, aka FLD, 12/93-12/96),
     Guru (code, 12/94-09/95), Jim Jack (gfx, 08-12/96), Johnny Walker
     (12/94-09/95), Praiser (music, 08-12/96), Private Soldier (aka Pvt??,
     09/95), Pvt (gfx, 12/94-04/96), Roder (gfx, also in Agony Design, new
     09/95), Warp8 (code gfx writer, 12/94-12/96), Zorc (code, 12/94-
     12/96).

Reflex were a german demo group.
  1994 - The year was crowned for the group in december, when they took home
the prestigious first prize at The Party 1994 with their awesome demo
"Access Denied" [12/94]. In addition, PVCF came 2nd in the music
competition, while Pvt won and Felidae came 5th in the graphics competition.
  1995 - Roder joined as a doublemember from Agony Design around september.
Warp8 was reported to have left for the reformed Flash Inc., but I do have
him as a member in december of 1996, so that might not be accurate.
  1996 - After releasing "Centric Preview" [04/96] - their fourth
consecutive winning demo - they announced in an accompanying note that they
would make no more demos for the C64, since there was no competition any
more. They have now moved much of their activity to the pc scene.
  1998 - Hogan contributed a logo and a picture to WOW's second placed demo
"Home Invasion" [07/98] at Wired 98.

  Access Denied (1994, 28.12, Demo).
  code: Zorc, Felidae, Guru, Quiss, Mistadoubalina/Art Project Studios
  (loader), gfx: Felidae, Pvt (objects, endpic), Warp8 (alien picture),
  Happymaker (note char), music: "Access Denied" (intro), "Kata Sandom"
  (part 1), "Scapelands" (part 2) and "Bladeswede" (note) by PVCF.
  Winner of The Party 1994 demo competition!
  review: Access Denied was a powerhouse demo when it was released, a total
  surprise from the relatively (at the time) unknown group of german
  sceners, and winning by just over 200 points over Light at the then-most-
  prestigious demo competition in europe! The demo is a multiple-file, irq
  loading beast that spans a single diskside. It also contains a great
  notefile (well, more an upscroller with a great soundtrack and an animated
  background :]) that details each and every part with name and credits. We
  will use this information to walk you through the demo.
    The demo opens with "cursor mutation" (code zorc), which segues the blue
  c64 screen into the demoworld. This was actually the first time I saw such
  an effect, but it was frequently used from that point on. Then we are into
  the "heavy intro" (code/gfx felidae, player zorc), a part resembling demos
  like Rebels' "Coma" [03/90] on the amiga, that flashes lots of primitive
  art on the screen to a dunking techno soundtrack. I'm not a terribly big
  fan of this part, and in my opinion they could really have dropped it in
  favour of something else, but that's a matter of taste I guess. The
  soundtrack for this part features a voice sample saying "Access Denied",
  not that that makes it any more exciting.
    Then the demo starts proper, with a new soundtrack and the "realtime
  grid" (code guru), a grid that mutates according to the gravity of some
  spriteballs that flies around over it. Seemingly impressive. Noone is
  credited for the ball graphics. ;] Next is "morphing vectorbobs" (code
  quiss), vectorbobs forming a cube, two squares and a few other formations,
  with sizes that differ according to how close or far from the camera they
  are. "rotating interlacezoomer" (code quiss, object pvt) is another really
  impressive part, a rotzoomer which looks really great and moves smoothly
  and swiftly. Next batter up is "complex plasma" (code guru), and the title
  doesn't lie here; one of the best plasma implementations I've ever seen on
  the c64. "1001 bobchars" (code guru) is really a lot of circlescrolling of
  the words ACCESS DENIED, and not too impressive. "Metamorphosis" (code
  quiss, objects pvt) is morphing vector objects, largely. "Gravity Dots"
  (code quiss, gfx felidae) feature the words ACCESS DENIED in dots, first
  elevated and then exploded - showering down in what appears to be pretty
  realistic physics. Then, "complex fullscreen vector" (code quiss, gfx
  felidae) features big filled vector objects. Again, impressive - all
  except the logo in the left hand side of the screen in this part, which is
  ... let's say substandard, and leave it at that ;) A picture of a "green
  alien" (gfx warp8) is shown while loading the next part, a real
  showstopper: "textured vector" (code guru, additional by quiss) features a
  texturemapped cube, with some plasmalike backgrounds to back it up! Wow!
    Another music track starts, to mark a new section of the demo, as we get
  Felidae's greyscale picture "Kriegsende" to look at while the demo loads.
  The first real effect in this section is "rotating landscape" (code and
  gfx felidae); a multicolored rotating dotlandsscape in the top half of the
  screen, with a SCAPELANDS logo occupying the lower half. "Exorterestic
  plotter" (code and gfx felidae) is a new concept to me, but it features
  several grayscale pictures overlapping... hard to explain, see it to
  understand :) And that concludes the show, the soundtrack is toned down
  and a new one starts as we're shown the endscreen - a really great picture
  by PVT of some whales and the text "This is REFLEX 94"... This picture was
  also PVT's contribution to the graphics competition at the same party,
  where it won the competition. No mention is made of this final music piece
  in the note.
    The notefile, "raytraced note" (code zorc, guru (ray routine), gfx
  happymaker) as it calls itself, also deserves a mention of its own; not
  least for its truly great soundtrack ("Bladeswede" by pvcf) and impressive
  "raytraced" animated background - apparently done in Guru's own program,
  called "Guru's Tracing Studio". Felidae drew the official cover for the
  demo. [glenn]

  Insider #04 (1995, 13.01, Diskmag).
  INT - code: Warp8, gfx: Hogan (logo), music: "Speedway" by Fanta/Plush.
  MAG - code: Warp8, gfx: Condor (reflexlogo), Hogan (insiderlogo), music:
        Zyron/Antic, KB/TOM, Odysseus/Eastgang, Xayne/Crest, DOS/ADSR,
        Syndrom/Crest, Shogoon/Taboo, BIO/Bass, Peace/Noice, editors:
        Happymaker (main), Warp8, Hogan.
  review: This mag opens with an amazingly boring intro - garish colors, bad
  music, lousy gfx... The music in the intro is Fanta's winning tune from
  The Party 94, btw :). After pressing space the mag itself loads, and
  thankfully looks a lot better than the intro did. I really like the menu,
  it's clear, easy to navigate, and looks pretty OK. It's a two-way split
  screen, with a passable reflex logo at the top, and the bottom containing
  the actual menu. It's easily controllable by cursors or joystick. Pressing
  enter (or fire, for that matter) loads a new tune or a new article. The
  article reading screen is a little different. Here the logo (for Insider
  this time) resides at the bottom of the screen, and the top part is
  reserved for the text. I have a serious complaint here; not enough space
  is reserved for the text. Nothing much to do about it, but it does leave
  you with 40-page long articles... The editorial content is pretty ok, with
  a good range of articles, where I guess the party reports were the most
  enjoyable to me. The english is pretty good most of the time.
    to conclude: Insider is a good mag, that could have been even better
  with a larger reading area, perhaps a font that's a little more innovative
  (DEFINITIVE deja-vu feelings!) and some better graphicians working for
  them... and perhaps by replacing a few of those tunes with more articles?
  [glenn]

  Radio Napalm (1995, Demo).
  Winner of the X'95 demo competition!

  Centric Preview (1996, 07.04, Demo).
  code: Quiss, gfx: PVT, music: PVCF.
  Winner of the Symposium 96 demo competition!
  review: Yee-ha! This is a goodie! Ofcourse, anything coming from these
  guys should be... It's not the effects in themselves, but the design that
  set this one out. They way they've learned from Amiga and PC demos to time
  the onscreen action to the music is a great asset for them. The effects
  are not half bad either, ofcourse, with an impressive and colorful tunnel
  effect being the highlight. Also, the dripping/sliding 'water' routine was
  impressive and original. This demo was made more as a preview for their
  upcoming game "Centric" than as an actual demo. The official results used
  the name Cyance - the name of Reflex' games development part - but we all
  know who these guys are :-) [glenn]

  Drug Sixtyfour (1996, 16.08, Multifile Demo).
  code: Zorc, Felidae, Adder/Siesta, gfx: Felidae, Jim Jack, music: Praiser.
  5th in the Assembly 96 demo competition.

  Nine (1996, 28.12, Multifile Demo).
  code: Zorc, Adder, gfx: Felidae, Jim Jack, Earthquake, Amoeba, music:
  Jeff/Camelot, Praiser. Winner of The Party 96 demo competition!
  review: A truly impressive demo, Nine (or IX as it says inside) had no
  trouble securing Reflex' third consecutive win at The Party demo
  competition this year. A lot of shading techniques make this a demo best
  viewed from a few feet away, for the full impression. Especially effects
  like the "rot + kipping landscape" (looks like a voxel to me! ;]) and the
  snowboard animation towards the end suffer at close inspection. This demo
  was no doubt made to be enjoyed on a big screen. Other impressive effects
  are the metaballs (that Zorc insists on calling 'blob potentials') and the
  rotating texturemorpher. It also features a slightly exhaustive mode of
  execution; you first load the main executable, then flip the disk before
  the demo starts... Then you flip the disk BACK for the last couple of
  parts. ;) A great, long demo with a lot of entertainment potential, and
  good music - especially Jeff's first tune. No less than four fullscreen
  pictures are included in the demo; Earthquake's "Underwaterlight",
  Felidae's "Die Schnitte" (3rd in the gfx competition), Amoeba's "Surreal"
  (definitely the best pic in the demo!) and Warp 8's "Primal Rage" (5th in
  the gfx competition).
    There is a short notefile included, detailing the exact credits for each
  part and little else. The demo is called "Nine" simply because it is
  Reflex' 9th demo. [glenn]


Regina
------
DEN> Dr.Zivago (Allan Hylke, code, 11/93), Duke (Alex Hylke, editor,
     11/93-06/94), Idol (Rene G. Larsen, swap, 11/93), KBS (Kim Berg
     Sorensen, swap, 11/93-09/94), Steve (code, 11/93), Sun Dancer (Kim
     Kristensen, gfx, 11-12/93).
NOR> Shark (music, also in Blues Muz', 12/93-94).
HUN> Mercury (Biro Szabolcs, gfx, ex Lethargy, new 05/94).

Boards; POWERSURGE WHQ (usa), GATEWAY EHQ (den).

Regina is a demo group based in Denmark.
  1993 - Dr.Zivago, Duke, Sun Dancer, KBS and Idol joined from Pandora with
the mag "The Pulse".
  1994 - Before the release of Pulse #12, they recruited Hungarian
graphician Mercury in may.

  The Pulse #5 (1993, 01.11, Multifile Diskmag).
  code: Dr.Zivago, gfx: Sun Dancer, music: Shark, editor: Duke (main),
  Psychobilly/Red Sector Inc., Crossfire/Epic, Steve/Regina, Sun
  Dancer/Regina, Splatterhead/Alpha Flight, KBS/Regina.
  review: No intro for this one, but the rest is the same as in previous
  issues. No big news about the the mag this month, except that Splatterhead
  replaces Brego/RSI on the staff. Apart from the usual news and charts,
  Suzieuzi/Illusion's board 'THE INTERSECTION' gets profiled in the board
  section, as does Cruzer/Camelot in the demo section. No big new demo
  releases to review, as everyone was likely saving their best for the
  upcoming The Party 93.
    The accompanying note was done in Facenoter 0.1, and features music by
  Metal. [glenn]

  The Pulse #12 (1994, 01.06, Multifile Diskmag).
  code: Dr.Zivago, Iceball/Motiv8 (loader), gfx: Mercury (intro),
  Kring/Camelot (main), music: Drax/Vibrants, editor: Duke.
  review: A rather nice mag, written interestingly and intelligently, nice
  and stable but without a real 'WOW' effect. Wellwritten. [glenn]


Relax (1987-1987)
-----------------
Relax were a Swedish cracker group, formed in april 1987 out of the remains
of the West Coast Crackers (WCC). Almost all members - Janitor (crack) ++ -
joined Triad 09/87, causing the group to finally die.


Relax (RLX)
-----------
GER> Brille (12/89), Gobi (crack, 12/89), Misfit (code, 12/89).

This second Relax group was likely based in Germany, and we can only hope
that their decision to name their group like this comes from ignorance and
not wanting to profit off the name of the previous legends from Sweden.


Remember (REM, 1997-, http://www.remember64.de)
-----------------------------------------------
GER> Hok (crack supply, 02/97-06/03), Jack Alien (code crack, 07/97-06/03).
ENG> Derbyshire Ram (crack supply swap, also in Alpha Flight 1970, new
     10/97-06/03).
SWE> Icon (Mikael Johansson, code supply webmaster, new 09/02-06/03).
???> Fatman (supply swap, also in Dytec, new 11/97-06/03), Intruder (swap,
     also in F4CG, 08/97-06/03).

PREVIOUS MEMBERS (06/03) -

GER> Thorn (code crack gfx supply, ex Avantgarde, new 07/98-01/99).
USA> Fungus (crack fix, later Nostalgia, new 12/98-09/99).
???> L'Trimm (Pascal, code crack supply gfx, new 10/98-09/99), Manik (supply
     swap, ex Laxity, new 07/98-01/99), Walker (swap supply, 05-09/99).

Remember is a german-based cracking group, dedicated to releasing old games
in new, 'definitive' versions. They were formed in early (likely january or
february) 1997 by Jack Alien and Hok. Their homepage is called 'Immortal
Antiques'. They are by far the most successful retro-group, at least in
terms of releases; they passed 300 in 2002. Fungus is no longer a member; He
is now in Nostalgia and Creators.
  1997 - Intruder, JA and Hok were only three members in august. The group
started promoting the german bbs THE DRAGON'S TOWER in their intros in
september and october, then the advertising stopped. A fourth member was
admitted in october, when English supplier Derbyshire Ram (also in F4CG)
joined. The group was further strengthened during the final days of
november, when Dodger and Fatman joined from Dytec. Derbyshire Ram changed
his second group in november of december, from F4CG to Alpha Flight 1970.
Derbyshire Ram, who had previously only supplied originals for the group,
contributed his first crack in december. Fatman also started contributing
originals in december.
  1998 - Dodger debuted with his first crack for the group in january, but
then seemingly disappeared - from view and from the memberlist. Manik
joined from Laxity and Thorn joined from Avantgarde in july, and Thorn
debuted with his first crack for the group in august. The first ever
Remember meeting was arranged on sunday, the 30th of august. L'Trimm appears
to have been added to the memberlist in september, without any additional
announcement that I noticed. Another new advent in september was the first
announcement of their homepage "Immortal Antiques", with release #136,
"Leviathan". L'Trimm's joining was announced in october. Another member was
recruited in december; american cracker and fixer Fungus.
  1999 - Fungus debuted as cracker for the group in january. Thorn and Manik
disappeared from the memberlist some time between january and march this
year, while Walker appeared sometime between march and april.
  2002 - Swedish Icon joined in september, and will be hosting the Remember
website and supply games for the group.


Remembers, The (TR)
-------------------
SWE> Zyron (Johan Åstrand, code music swap, also in Antic and Swemix,
     12/94).
AUT> Maverick (Reinhard Franz, swap, 12/94-01/95), Mr.Alpha (Mario Berghold,
     code, also in F4CG, 12/94).
???> Bungalow (12/94), Harzak (gfx, also in Antic, 12/94), H-Bloxx (12/94).

The Remembers later became the group Nostalgia.

  Sidburners #1 (1994, 28.12, Musiccollection).
  code: Zyron, gfx: Zyron (intro), Harzak (collection), music: David
  Whittaker (intro), various (main). Released at The Party 1994.
  review: In their own words; "A collection of 60 golden 64 songs - all
  relocated at $1000, with init at $1000 and play at $1003." Everything was
  ripped and relocated by Zyron and Mr.Alpha. Presentation-wise this is
  nothing too extraordinary, and coding-wise it's not much either. But for
  sheer nostalgia, it rules ;] Nothing to impress your friends with, but for
  a trip down memory lane this offers a great collection of classic sids.
    I have used some codes to diffrentiate the rippers and the number of
  subtunes in each rip; MA = Mr.Alpha, ZY = Zyron. Clear? Goodie ;] The
  tunes ripped and relocated this time are; "Ace II" by Rob Hubbard (MA),
  "Armalyte" by Martin Walker (MA), "Aztec Challenge" by Paul Norman
  (ZY+MA), "Barrys Boxing" by John A. Fitzpatrick (ZY), "Battle of Britain"
  by Rob Hubbard (ZY+MA), "Bazooka Bill" by Greg Holland (ZY), "Beer Tapper"
  by unkown (ZY), "Blue Max" by Stephen C. Biggs (ZY+MA), "Breakdance" by
  unknown (ZY), "Bump Set Spike" by Rob Hubbard (ZY+MA), "Burger Time" by
  Chris Cox (ZY), "Charles" by Charles Deenen/Maniacs of Noise (??), "Cobra"
  by Ben Daglish (MA), "Commando" by Rob Hubbard (MA+ZY), "Cybernoid I" by
  Jeroen Tel/Maniacs of Noise" (MA), "Cybernoid II" by Jeroen Tel,
  "Draconus" by Adam Gilmore (MA), "Dreamzak" by unknown (MA, from an old
  Lukullus demo), "Escape From New York" by unknown (MA), "Falcon Patrol II"
  by unknown (ZY), "Fame On The Run" by Holly/F.A.M.E. (MA), "Fist II" by
  Greg Holland (ZY), "Gerry The Germ" by Rob Hubbard (MA, aka Fruitmix),
  "Ghettoblaster" by unknown (ZY), "Hunter's Moon" by Matt Gray (ZY+MA), "I-
  Ball" by Rob Hubbard (ZY), "IK+" by Rob Hubbard (MA), "Irisis" by Rob
  Hubbard (MA), "Iron Lord" by Jeroen Tel/Maniacs of Noise (MA), "Last Ninja
  1:1" by Ben Daglish (MA), "Last Ninja 1:2" by Ben Daglish (MA), "Last
  Ninja 1:3" by Ben Daglish (MA), "Lightforce" by Rob Hubbard (MA), "M.O.N.-
  tune" by Maniacs of Noise (MA), "Mario Bros" by Fred Gray (ZY+MA),
  "Masters of Magic" by Rob Hubbard (ZY), "Morpheus" by Rob Hubbard (MA,
  ripped from Beyond Force's Morpheus demo), "Nemesis The Warlock" by Rob
  Hubbard (MA), "Old Melody" by Rob Hubbard (MA), "Omega-Writer" by unknown
  (MA), "Rasputin" by Rob Hubbard (ZY+MA), "Red-Tune" by Red/Judges (MA),
  "Robin Hood" by unknown (MA), "Rocky Horror Show" by unknown (ZY), "Sabre
  Wulf" by unknown (ZY), "Shadow Skimmer" by Neil Baldwin (MA), "Shadowfire"
  by Fred Gray (ZY+MA), "Spellbound" by Rob Hubbard (ZY+MA), "Spy vs Spy
  III" by unknown (ZY), "Star Soldier" by unknown (ZY), "Starquake" by
  unknown (ZY), "Strikeforce" by Diflex/Level 99 Industries (MA), "Super
  Pipeline" by unknown (ZY), "Thing On A Spring" by Rob Hubbard (MA),
  "Unknown" by Rob Hubbard (MA), "Usagi Yojimbo" by Greg Holland (ZY),
  "Warhawk" by Rob Hubbard (ZY+MA), "Western" by Rob Hubbard (crashes
  display), "Wonderboy" by unknown (ZY) and "Zoids" by Rob Hubbard (MA).
  [glenn]


Resource (RSC, http://c64.rulez.org/resource)
---------------------------------------------
HUN> Da Blondie (music, aka DB, also in Wish!, 06/99), Edhellon (code,
     06/99).
???> AMN (gfx, 06/99), Flimbo (hun? gfx, 08/97), Oswald (code, 06/99-01/04),
     Roy (music, also in Replay, 08-09/96), Splash (hun? gfx, 08/96-08/97).

Resource is a demo group, based in hungary.

  Reflection (1995, .08, Slideshow).

  Winteractive (1995, 02.12, Demo).
  2nd in the Liquid 95 demo competition.

  Manga Overdose (1996, .01, Slideshow).

  Inhumanity 2 (1996, .01, Dentro).

  Inhumanity 3 (1996, 01.09, Demo).
  Winner of the AntIQ 96 demo competition!

  Animate (1996, 12.10, Demo).
  Winner of the Pie Slice 96 demo competition!

  Daze (1996, 28.12, Demo).
  3rd in The Party 96 demo competition.

  Out of Daze (1997, 05.04, Demo).
  Split winner of the Scenest 97 demo competition!

  Void (1997, 28.12, Demo).
  3rd in The Party 97 demo competition.
  info: Cooperation with Coma.

  Dentro (1998, 22.08, Demo).
  Winner of the AntiQ 98 demo competition!

  Suffering 20% (1999, 30.01, 4k Intro).
  Third in the Contest 99 4k intro competition.

  Room 2 (1999, 04.04, 4k Intro).
  code: Edhellon, gfx: n/a, music: n/a.
  Split 7th in the Mekka Symposium 99 4k intro competition.

  60's Revival (1999, 06.06, Demo).
  code: Edhellon (intro, linking), Oswald (parts), Dasheele/Smash Designs
  (irq loader), gfx: AMN, Poison/Singular (endpart logo), music: Da Blondie.
  Winner of the Fuck-Ya 2 demo competition!
  review: Certainly a "psychedelic experience" as they call it, this does
  have a 60's feel to it. It is, however, really short and not really
  impressive. This is more a novelty than anything else, though I did like
  the bumpmapped scroller at the end, which seems quite fast and good. The
  demo comes with a note on the disk, saying it was thrown together in less
  than a week in order to keep the Fuck-Ya demo competition from being
  cancelled. It was not only the winner of the competition, it was also the
  only entry.
    Please note that what is reviewed is supposedly the 'bugfixed version'.
  The accompanying note was coded by Clarence, with charset and music by
  Con. [glenn]

  Soiled Legacy (2001, 23.11, Demo).
  code: Oswald, Krill/Plush (loadersystem), gfx: n/a, music: n/a.


Rizing (RZN, 1989-1990)
-----------------------
Rizing was a Swedish group, built in 1989 by previous members of Cheyens.
  1990 - Early in the year they were briefly joined by Stanz/Dominators, but
he shortly moved on to join Zeropage. Ogami and Imagine joined from SCCS
around august, and around the same time the group went into cooperation with
Zone 45. Rizing finally ceased to exist when the group finally merged with
Zone 45 in december, forming the new group Omega.

  Legendary Style 2 (1990, Demo).
  Cooperation with Zone 45.

  Jesus Vill Bota (1990, Demo).
  Cooperation with Zone 45.


ROLE (http://www.role64.com)
----------------------------
BEL> Axe (swap, early91), Budgi (swap, 01/91), Commander (Serge Engelen, org
     code, aka CMR, 12/93-07/03), Mendrake (swap, new 01/91), Stormbringer
     (swap, ex WOW, new early93).
N-L> Scorelord (swap, early91).
AUS> Witty (swap, 07/90).
ENG> Merman (Andrew Fisher, swap, also in People of Liberty, 11/02).
CAN> Bold Eagle (old handle Black Eagle, 01/91).
???> Ashkan (gfx, new 03/03), Bugjam (gfx, 03/97), Gazza (91), Ice-T
     (code), Intensity (gfx music, also in Cosine and Onslaught, 03/03),
     Sidder (music, also in MultiStyle Labs, 10/03), Starfighter (editor
     swap, 12/02-03/03), Vip (gfx music, also in WOW [details] and Padua,
     02-07/98).

Boards; UNDERGROUND ASYLUM (01/91), STATE OF MIND (01/91).

Raiders of the Lost Empire (ROLE) is based in Belgium, and publish the
diskmag 'Rock'n'Role'.
  1990 - Slasher left for Turtles [no entry] in december.
  1991 - January saw Troopy kicked and 'MAX IMPACT' (usa) as the group's new
WHQ board. Black Hawk changed his handle to Bold Eagle, and Belgian Mendrake
joined, all around january.
  2002 - Starfighter returned to the scene and to role in December.
  2003 - Ashkan (gfx) joined in the early months, as did Intensity after a
number of years away from the group. He is also in Cosine and Onslaught.

  Rock'n'Role #20 (1996, .01, Diskmag).

  Rock'n'Role #27 (2002, .12, Diskmag).

  Rock'n'Role #28 (2002, .12, Diskmag).


Rough Trade Inc. (RTI, -1990)
-----------------------------
???> Parabound (ex Paramount, new 12/89).

  1989 - The entire group Channel 42 joined, while coder Raistlin (ex
Excess) joined Nato around september. Parabound joined from Paramount in
december.
  1990 - The entire group (Richie, Dean, Firefox, others?) joined Illusion
around february.


Rowdy American Distributors (RAD)
---------------------------------
USA> Anubis (code, 12/87-01/88), Blackhawk (code, 12/87-01/88), Mr. Mister
     (12/87-01/88), Side Sector (12/87-01/88), Stryker (01/88).

Boards; WARES HOUSE (usa, 01-02/88), JUNKYARD (usa, 02/88).

RAD was an American group specializing in importing games from Europe.
Cookie Monster and Alpha Particle disappeared from the memberlist between
december 87 and january 88, while Stryker appeared.


RPG
---
  1994 - Zirc0 (music) and Moloch (code) both doublejoined from F4CG around
september. Uzzy/Incursion (gfx), Chronic Leech (gfx) and Dragon Slayer
(runner, whatever that means) joined this month.


Royalty (-1990)
---------------
SWE> Probe (crack, later Ruthless).
???> Acty (90).

Royalty was a swedish cracking and demo group.
  1990 - The group released a demo for the competition and at least one
crack at the Swedish Elite Easter Conference in april. Goldie (12/89-),
King Fisher (12/89-), TDM, Hero (12/89-) and possibly some others left to
rebuild Rebels around may with Watchman and Dynamite from Triad. Alfatech
likely took over leadership of Royalty after this. TGD contributed two tunes
to the release of Antic's "Explorer #2" [06/90] in june, and P.Jay was a co-
editor on the same mag. Rainman contributed logos to both "Explorer #2" and
"Explorer #3" [07/90]. Royalty then died around july! Grapple, Alfatech,
Iman, Rainman and Iznogoud all joined Ruthless, TGD changed handle to Orb
and joined Flash Inc. Motley was kicked and is groupless. Swedish swapper
P.Jay (05/90) also remains groupless, and is looking for a new group.


Rule3 (R3)
----------
POL> Warlock (code, triplememb WOW and Schn+Exon, 04/98).

  Cyberdrome (1998, 26.04, File).
  code: Warlock, gfx: Flash/Reflex and Schn+Exon (textures), Astaroth/Agony
  (pic), music: "No Good" by Praiser/Reflex.
  3rd in the Rush Hours 98 demo competition.
  review: Made just to fit some visuals to the music (a cover of The
  Prodigy's "No Good"), this group's first dentro is of limited interest
  only. It's mostly presented in 4x4 resolution with some uninspiring
  effects being performed, like waving the 'pixels'.
    The one-part dentro opens with the option to view a note (code:
  Morris/Agony, gfx: Warlock (font), music: Dr.Voice/Panic (done in 1995, so
  it was probably ripped). If the spacebar isn't pressed in three seconds it
  moves on to the dentro itself. [glenn]


Ruling Company, The (TRC)
-------------------------
N-L> Action Jackson (Marcel Goedhard, edit swap, aka AJ, 10/89-06/93), CBA
     (swap, 07/90-08/95), Defbeat (code music, 03/90-01/91).
GER> Cevin (Markus, swap, 02/92), Don Promillo (01/91).
HOL> Macmagix (Reyn Ouwehand, music, also in Maniacs of Noise, 01/90).
ENG> Xenon (Lee Jones, 01/91).
???> Rad (ex Hitmen, new 05/93), Rebel MC (gfx, aka RMC, 01/91), Seal (ex
     Hotline, new late89), Trax (gfx, ex Actual Trading Generation, 03/90),
     Trooper (new 10/93).

Boards; VIRTUAL REALITY WHQ (usa, new 05/93).

  1989 - Seal joined from Hotline towards the end of the year. The two danes
Trap and Sonny (who apparently edits a mag) left for Success at the
Christmas Party 89 in december.
  1990 - DPL joined around february. Trax cvontributed graphics to ATG's
"Corruption #1" [03/90].
  1991 - January saw Choq selling his machine and leaving the scene, as well
as the release of the tenth issue of "Frontpage" at that month's Venlo
meeting.
  1992 - The groups new hq is INNER CIRCLES, after they dropped POWER SURGE
around february.
  1993 - Cavron joined from Nirvana, while Rad joined from Hitmen in may.
Hellraiser returned to the scene and TRC in may, but quickly changed his
handle to Primus and left for Mayhem. Cavron opened his board under the name
'ENDLESS PIRACY' (later changed, see below). VIRTUAL REALITY was recruited
as the new WHQ. After the death of 'GALAXY HIGH', the group recruited 'IN
LIVING COLOR' as a new bbs around june. Renegade joined from Legacy as his
army service was completed. Ironcat (music) left the scene in october, due
to his army service duties. Trooper joined the group and Code 18 and the
entire german section got kicked in the same month. The germans (Jack Alien,
Cavron (sysop 'STATE OF THE ART', ex Nirvana), Dr.Disk and Renegade)
subsequently joined Atlantis.

  Junkfood (1990, Demo).

  Frontpage #10 (1991, 26.01, Filemag).
  code: Defbeat, gfx: Rebel MC, music: Hithouse, editor: Action Jackson.
  Released at the Venlo Meeting.
  review: We're stretching the envelope reeeeeeeally long when we call this
  a mag, but that's what TRC is calling it, so... It's really a nicely
  designed wraparound for what is precious little text. The 'mag' part is
  just 5 lines of text in the middle of the screen, with the main attraction
  for the demo freak here the lush audio-visuals...unusually colorful for
  its time. There's not much text, just news and a few movie reviews (keep
  in mind that VHS pirate copies of new films were as big as software piracy
  back then - though possibly not quite as large as internet movie piracy is
  now ;]). [glenn]


Rush
----
CZE> Alex (Alexandr Rebjonok, swap, 03/92), Fract (code), Galland (Martin
     Juriga, swap, 03/92), Llr (swap, 02/92), Reign (gfx).


Ruthless (1990-1991)
--------------------
HOL> Bill (swap, 12/90), Curse (swap, 07/90), Peter (Peter Venkmann, swap,
     09/90).
SWE> Grapple (swap, ex Royalty, new 07/90), Inxs (Roger Eriksson, swap,
     09/90), Probe (crack, new early91).
???> Dopeman (new 07/90), Alfatech (swe?, ex Royalty, new 07/90), Iman
     (swe?, ex Royalty, new 07/90), Rainman (swe?, gfx, ex Royalty, new
     07/90) and Iznogoud (swe?, ex Royalty, new 07/90).

Ruthless was born in july of 1990, and is a cracker group based in Holland.
They were built by previous members of Manowar (5), ATG (2), TRC (2),
Capitol (5) and Nuclear.
  1990 - Cracker Ghost left for Fairlight around july. Grapple, Alfatech,
Iman, Rainman and Iznogoud all joined after the death of Royalty in july.
Dopeman also joined around july. Derse left for Hitmen, while Brego left for
Bronx in december. The group arranged a copyparty in Utrecht, Holland just
before christmas.
  1991 - They apparently kicked all their german members in january! Swedish
cracker Probe (ex Royalty, Triumph and Omega) joined early in the year, so
there is 6 members in the swedish section now. Ruthless finally died in
april, and almost all members joined Hitmen.

  Mc Jenny (1990, Demo).